Another interesting piece here, if you want to talk about advertising. This article reviews the different viewpoints surrounding a stir in the media a few weeks back when a J Crew ad featured a mom painting her son's toenails hot pink. Some viewers claimed the ad was unacceptable, and that it promoted a mother encouraging homosexuality in her son. Opposing viewers said there's nothing wrong with a boy wanting pink toenails, or with J Crew featuring pink-loving boys in their ads. This particular article, from ABC news, also provides you with links to the original responses from both sides.
If you're having trouble thinking of a topic for the paper, this might be a good one. Take a look at the ad, and at the responses, and write a paper discussing what messages you think the ad is sending. Are those messages positive? Negative? In between? How do you feel about the response in the media?
Monday, May 2, 2011
Video on Toys and Gender
Here is a youtube video (one we tried to watch in class, although the volume wasn't working) that discusses the implications that toy ads make about gender. If you're into analyzing pop culture, this might be a good place to look.
Sample Essay 2
And now, one from me. This is a personal story, about the ways that kids police each others' behavior. It's slightly different from the one at the link in that it's an analysis of how OTHERS are treated, but it's through the lens of something that happened to me. It's about how discrimination starts, and why it continues.
Growing up, I was what you might call a "goody two-shoes." So were most of my friends. We hung out with people who mostly stayed clear of trouble and did as they were told (within reason), so moments when we suspected we might possibly get in TROUBLE were a very big deal. One such incident occurred in the 4th grade when my friend Alexandra (Alex) and I had wandered into the bathroom at the end of recess and were late getting back to class. Not surprisingly, the memories of that we-might-get-in-trouble feeling are much stronger than the memories of why, precisely, we were about to get in trouble. I sense that this particular incident had something to do with not tucking in our uniform shirts. We were on the playground when a group of kids nearby got seriously harangued for their un-tucked shirts. Ours must have been disheveled too, and we ran to the bathroom to either (1) escape notice and remain untucked or (2) tuck in our shirts ourselves before we got chewed out too. This seems ridiculous, but I’m almost positive it’s true.
So Alex and I were hiding out in the bathroom, waiting out the bell signalling us to return to our rooms, when we heard someone coming down the outdoor corridor leading up to the women’s restroom. ”Quick!” said Alex. ”Someone’s coming! It might be Ms. Ditch. Hide!” We turned to hide and, without really formulating a plan, ran into the same bathroom stall. As soon as we shut and latched the door, the sound of some older girls (5th graders, no doubt) echoed off the tiles. The noise hadn’t been Ms. Ditch after all, and we weren’t in trouble for our shirttails. But now we faced a very different menace: the specter of homosexuality.
“Stand on the toilet!” Alex hissed to me. I was confused about why I might do this. What was wrong with being in the same bathroom stall? But whether or not I understood didn’t really matter; the girls saw our feet before I had time to act.
“Are there two girls in that bathroom?” one asked.
“Who’s in there?” another called.
We didn’t know exactly why we were being taunted, but we knew for sure that we couldn’t show our faces now.
“Come on out!” they shouted. ”We won’t tell!” Tell what? What could they possibly do to get us in trouble? Were they going to tell Ms. Ditch about our shirts? About our generally unkempt appearances?
Whatever the possibilities, we knew that saying “we won’t tell” meant that they most certainly would tell someone something, even if we didn’t see what that something was. Alex signalled to me that we would remain incased in our fortress until the girls were gone. We were late for class, but this was the price we had to pay in order to avoid being in trouble for something worse – something unidentified.
The 5th graders were pretty determined. And we were still extremely naive. When we thought they had finally left, they were merely outside the door, waiting around the corner for us to emerge. When we finally did come out we were met with a chorus of taunts. I don’t really remember what they said, specifically. But I knew the general idea – that they thought we had been kissing in the bathroom stall.
As you learned from Erin’s previous post, kissing in general was not at all allowed, and kissing another girl was clearly outside the realm of possibility. I am certain that the word “lesbian” was brought up directly that day. And the day after that. It was a week or two before Alex and I would live down the accusations whispered on the playground. I distinctly remember one moment in particular, when an older girl – a cool girl I knew only by sight – summoned me over to the tennis court fence and whispered to me, “Is it true you and that tall girl are lesbians?”
I don’t know what rudimentary understanding I had of homosexuality at that time. But whatever that sense was, it could not possibly have been helped along by the hisses and jeers of the other students, taunting us for being something we’d never even heard of before. As with Scott’s PG-porn-for-kiddies scheme, we came away from this incident with the idea that something about us was shameful. We were dirty, and we should have gotten in trouble. We were just lucky the older girls hadn’t elected to tell Ms. Ditch or one of her other cohort.
This strange incident in my life was followed by several moments of childhood worry that my relationships with others might be taken out of context. When I went to the movies with my recently widowed grandmother, I worried that other people would think we were lesbians. Whatever that meant. I worried that she would be seen as the one responsible for this, and that she would get in trouble. Looking back at this story now, I also realize that Alex must have known at least a bit more about the topic than I did. She clearly understood that we had a situation on our hands as soon as I ran into the stall with her. I had no idea that this was a bad choice until long after the girls had begun their taunting. But what I don’t understand to this day is where this topic injected itself into the culture of the Unnamed Religious School. After all, this was the late 80′s and the early 90′s in the deep South. While gay culture was developing a newfound voice outside of our walls, battling the AIDS epidemic and fighting for civil rights, very little in mainstream popular culture existed to bring this voice to kids like us. Where did my 5th grade tormentors learn their lingo? I had no idea what a lesbian was. So how did they?
Alex and I eventually became yesterday’s news, and the 5th grade girls found new kids to tease. But the incident left a tiny little bump in my experience. I had always been a kid who was close to my friends. I was affectionate and – for lack of a better word – cuddly. So was Erin. This is how we operated. We followed each other pretty much everywhere, and I’m even pretty sure we bathed together once or twice when we were still pretty young. But my week in the queer spotlight lead to a new understanding of intimacy – even spatial intimacy, like sharing a bathroom stall – as yet another object of shame.
Growing up, I was what you might call a "goody two-shoes." So were most of my friends. We hung out with people who mostly stayed clear of trouble and did as they were told (within reason), so moments when we suspected we might possibly get in TROUBLE were a very big deal. One such incident occurred in the 4th grade when my friend Alexandra (Alex) and I had wandered into the bathroom at the end of recess and were late getting back to class. Not surprisingly, the memories of that we-might-get-in-trouble feeling are much stronger than the memories of why, precisely, we were about to get in trouble. I sense that this particular incident had something to do with not tucking in our uniform shirts. We were on the playground when a group of kids nearby got seriously harangued for their un-tucked shirts. Ours must have been disheveled too, and we ran to the bathroom to either (1) escape notice and remain untucked or (2) tuck in our shirts ourselves before we got chewed out too. This seems ridiculous, but I’m almost positive it’s true.
So Alex and I were hiding out in the bathroom, waiting out the bell signalling us to return to our rooms, when we heard someone coming down the outdoor corridor leading up to the women’s restroom. ”Quick!” said Alex. ”Someone’s coming! It might be Ms. Ditch. Hide!” We turned to hide and, without really formulating a plan, ran into the same bathroom stall. As soon as we shut and latched the door, the sound of some older girls (5th graders, no doubt) echoed off the tiles. The noise hadn’t been Ms. Ditch after all, and we weren’t in trouble for our shirttails. But now we faced a very different menace: the specter of homosexuality.
“Stand on the toilet!” Alex hissed to me. I was confused about why I might do this. What was wrong with being in the same bathroom stall? But whether or not I understood didn’t really matter; the girls saw our feet before I had time to act.
“Are there two girls in that bathroom?” one asked.
“Who’s in there?” another called.
We didn’t know exactly why we were being taunted, but we knew for sure that we couldn’t show our faces now.
“Come on out!” they shouted. ”We won’t tell!” Tell what? What could they possibly do to get us in trouble? Were they going to tell Ms. Ditch about our shirts? About our generally unkempt appearances?
Whatever the possibilities, we knew that saying “we won’t tell” meant that they most certainly would tell someone something, even if we didn’t see what that something was. Alex signalled to me that we would remain incased in our fortress until the girls were gone. We were late for class, but this was the price we had to pay in order to avoid being in trouble for something worse – something unidentified.
The 5th graders were pretty determined. And we were still extremely naive. When we thought they had finally left, they were merely outside the door, waiting around the corner for us to emerge. When we finally did come out we were met with a chorus of taunts. I don’t really remember what they said, specifically. But I knew the general idea – that they thought we had been kissing in the bathroom stall.
As you learned from Erin’s previous post, kissing in general was not at all allowed, and kissing another girl was clearly outside the realm of possibility. I am certain that the word “lesbian” was brought up directly that day. And the day after that. It was a week or two before Alex and I would live down the accusations whispered on the playground. I distinctly remember one moment in particular, when an older girl – a cool girl I knew only by sight – summoned me over to the tennis court fence and whispered to me, “Is it true you and that tall girl are lesbians?”
I don’t know what rudimentary understanding I had of homosexuality at that time. But whatever that sense was, it could not possibly have been helped along by the hisses and jeers of the other students, taunting us for being something we’d never even heard of before. As with Scott’s PG-porn-for-kiddies scheme, we came away from this incident with the idea that something about us was shameful. We were dirty, and we should have gotten in trouble. We were just lucky the older girls hadn’t elected to tell Ms. Ditch or one of her other cohort.
This strange incident in my life was followed by several moments of childhood worry that my relationships with others might be taken out of context. When I went to the movies with my recently widowed grandmother, I worried that other people would think we were lesbians. Whatever that meant. I worried that she would be seen as the one responsible for this, and that she would get in trouble. Looking back at this story now, I also realize that Alex must have known at least a bit more about the topic than I did. She clearly understood that we had a situation on our hands as soon as I ran into the stall with her. I had no idea that this was a bad choice until long after the girls had begun their taunting. But what I don’t understand to this day is where this topic injected itself into the culture of the Unnamed Religious School. After all, this was the late 80′s and the early 90′s in the deep South. While gay culture was developing a newfound voice outside of our walls, battling the AIDS epidemic and fighting for civil rights, very little in mainstream popular culture existed to bring this voice to kids like us. Where did my 5th grade tormentors learn their lingo? I had no idea what a lesbian was. So how did they?
Alex and I eventually became yesterday’s news, and the 5th grade girls found new kids to tease. But the incident left a tiny little bump in my experience. I had always been a kid who was close to my friends. I was affectionate and – for lack of a better word – cuddly. So was Erin. This is how we operated. We followed each other pretty much everywhere, and I’m even pretty sure we bathed together once or twice when we were still pretty young. But my week in the queer spotlight lead to a new understanding of intimacy – even spatial intimacy, like sharing a bathroom stall – as yet another object of shame.
Essay Sample 1 - Final Paper
In class the other day, we talked about how one option for the paper was to write about a time when you realized you were different from others - that you didn't quite fit in, or were treated differently because of something about yourself you'd never noticed before. The essay at this link is a perfect example of that - a young girl being treated differently, not because of one of the big obvious categories we've been discussing in class, but more because of the way she dresses or the image she conveys. It's a simple story about being a teenager, but it's also something I think we can all kind of relate to. If you're thinking about doing an essay about a personal experience, take a look at hers. Yours doesn't have to be quite this long; but I'd like you to notice how she gives you a mixture of two things:
1. description of the experience
2. analysis of how the experience made her feel then, and how she thinks about it now
1. description of the experience
2. analysis of how the experience made her feel then, and how she thinks about it now
Links for Final Essay
Here are some links to excellent essays that might help you in forming your own ideas about discrimination, stereotyping, etc:
- This one will take you to a blog about discrimination based on weight. If focuses on a collection of personal narratives. Notice how the author gathers together the stories of other people, tells some stories of her own, then analyzes those stories together.
- For those of you interested in the topic of weigh discrimination, here's another essay, this one entirely personal, about how doctors/the medical community sometimes treat overweight patients differently. This is a great use of a single personal narrative.
- If you happen to have Netflix streaming and are interested in issues of class discrimination, check out the documentary Born Rich by Johnson & Johnson heir Jamie Johnson. It's about the differences between the wealthy elite and the poor; Johnson - himself a socialite - attempts to present a balanced view of the lives of the kids of wealthy families.
- If you're more interested in writing an essay that examines pop culture/media/advertising rather than using personal narratives (your own or others), a great website is Sociological Images. It's run by two female sociologists who are interested in examining the ways that pop culture presents a variety of different groups. Some great posts from them include:
1. This one about using sex to sell ovens
2. This one about the politics of Secretary's Day
3. And this one about the ways that women are treated as "other" or "outside normal" by advertisers.
I have some full-length essays coming too, as well as more links. Stay tuned! Keep in mind that you're also welcome to write something responding to one of the above links, if you see something you're interested in.
- This one will take you to a blog about discrimination based on weight. If focuses on a collection of personal narratives. Notice how the author gathers together the stories of other people, tells some stories of her own, then analyzes those stories together.
- For those of you interested in the topic of weigh discrimination, here's another essay, this one entirely personal, about how doctors/the medical community sometimes treat overweight patients differently. This is a great use of a single personal narrative.
- If you happen to have Netflix streaming and are interested in issues of class discrimination, check out the documentary Born Rich by Johnson & Johnson heir Jamie Johnson. It's about the differences between the wealthy elite and the poor; Johnson - himself a socialite - attempts to present a balanced view of the lives of the kids of wealthy families.
- If you're more interested in writing an essay that examines pop culture/media/advertising rather than using personal narratives (your own or others), a great website is Sociological Images. It's run by two female sociologists who are interested in examining the ways that pop culture presents a variety of different groups. Some great posts from them include:
1. This one about using sex to sell ovens
2. This one about the politics of Secretary's Day
3. And this one about the ways that women are treated as "other" or "outside normal" by advertisers.
I have some full-length essays coming too, as well as more links. Stay tuned! Keep in mind that you're also welcome to write something responding to one of the above links, if you see something you're interested in.
Wednesday, March 30, 2011
Profile Sample - Pickup Artists
Original article at http://www.tbd.com/articles/2011/02/under-guidance-of-pickup-artists-men-learn-how-to-pick-themselves-up-49208.html; author Daniel Victor
The group of 30 men looks out of place in the Pentagon City mall food court on Sunday afternoon. They're impeccably groomed, wearing designer jeans and expensive shoes. They range in age from early 20s to late 40s. At 2:30 p.m. they rise from their chairs and huddle in between the kiosks selling $8.99 earrings and 3-for-$25 sunglasses. Time to get started.
After a final pep talk, they fan across the mall. Each group has three to five amateurs and one professional guiding their way. Their mission is to approach and charm every woman on site. Get a few phone numbers if you can. They’re attendees of the Global Pickup Conference, and the students are here to learn from the masters.
They’re practicing a scorched-earth strategy for meeting women: Leave no stone unturned, leave no woman unflattered. Understand and embrace that very few of the women will actually give you their phone numbers. When rejections don’t hurt you, one phone number and 99 rejections is better than no phone numbers and no rejections.
Getting his team of four ready for action, Vince Kelvin, 43, author of Same Night Sex System, reminds them that the important thing is how you feel after the women walk away. If they reject you, they’re not ready for you. You’re better than them. You’re awesome. You need a woman who can handle you.
"We need daring women,” Kelvin tells the men. “Let's go find them!"
“But let's move away from the food court, because there's a lot of security here."
Then they depart on a three-hour adventure that will include one student commenting on a woman's underwear choices at Victoria's Secret while a professional listens in on a hidden device, and another student getting kicked out of Macy's for hitting on a 16-year-old. Such are the pitfalls when you're learning how to talk to women.
The conference's website makes some fascinating promises. On its Products page, it asks: “ARE YOU READY TO LAY EVERY GIRL YOU MEET?” Every girl, 100 percent. Perhaps this goal might be a tad ... unattainable. Think of all the women you encounter, at least in passing, every year. Business associates, waitresses, grocery shoppers, the Metro; we’re probably talking a few thousand women per year. And really, there are only so many hours in a day. At some point it just becomes burdensome.
The hyper-sexuality sells, but it’s actually not why most of the men say they paid $300 for two days of training at the Georgetown Holiday Inn and the mall excursion. There are a few attendees who are already doing well with women, and strive to be every-nighters. There are far more who lack conversational skills, work up a sweat before approaching women, and suffer from a paralyzing lack of self-confidence.
The gathering was organized by the quick-witted Speer, creator of The Speer Method, who looks like a less fit version of Johnny Depp. He asked if the students were there to learn how to have a lot of sex, and four men raised their hands. Asked if they wanted to learn how to eventually meet that one special someone, about 25 hands shot in the air. If they have more sex in the meantime, all the better.
Sex is merely the carrot; the whole event is a self-help conference in disguise. The pickup community – they call themselves "the community" for short – has veered away from scripted ruses and “negging,” a concept that teaches men to build attraction by making negative comments about a woman. Now they teach men that they just need the confidence to approach women, coupled with the ability to present how great they already are. And they state over and over: Don’t lie to women. Have a plan, but be yourself.
“Things will happen as long as you have personality, as long as she likes who you are, and as long as you’re not fake,” Speer tells the group. “Most women can see through this bullshit that we try to feed them. So the more bullshit you try to feed, the less successful you are with women.”
The group of 30 men looks out of place in the Pentagon City mall food court on Sunday afternoon. They're impeccably groomed, wearing designer jeans and expensive shoes. They range in age from early 20s to late 40s. At 2:30 p.m. they rise from their chairs and huddle in between the kiosks selling $8.99 earrings and 3-for-$25 sunglasses. Time to get started.
After a final pep talk, they fan across the mall. Each group has three to five amateurs and one professional guiding their way. Their mission is to approach and charm every woman on site. Get a few phone numbers if you can. They’re attendees of the Global Pickup Conference, and the students are here to learn from the masters.
They’re practicing a scorched-earth strategy for meeting women: Leave no stone unturned, leave no woman unflattered. Understand and embrace that very few of the women will actually give you their phone numbers. When rejections don’t hurt you, one phone number and 99 rejections is better than no phone numbers and no rejections.
Getting his team of four ready for action, Vince Kelvin, 43, author of Same Night Sex System, reminds them that the important thing is how you feel after the women walk away. If they reject you, they’re not ready for you. You’re better than them. You’re awesome. You need a woman who can handle you.
"We need daring women,” Kelvin tells the men. “Let's go find them!"
“But let's move away from the food court, because there's a lot of security here."
Then they depart on a three-hour adventure that will include one student commenting on a woman's underwear choices at Victoria's Secret while a professional listens in on a hidden device, and another student getting kicked out of Macy's for hitting on a 16-year-old. Such are the pitfalls when you're learning how to talk to women.
The conference's website makes some fascinating promises. On its Products page, it asks: “ARE YOU READY TO LAY EVERY GIRL YOU MEET?” Every girl, 100 percent. Perhaps this goal might be a tad ... unattainable. Think of all the women you encounter, at least in passing, every year. Business associates, waitresses, grocery shoppers, the Metro; we’re probably talking a few thousand women per year. And really, there are only so many hours in a day. At some point it just becomes burdensome.
The hyper-sexuality sells, but it’s actually not why most of the men say they paid $300 for two days of training at the Georgetown Holiday Inn and the mall excursion. There are a few attendees who are already doing well with women, and strive to be every-nighters. There are far more who lack conversational skills, work up a sweat before approaching women, and suffer from a paralyzing lack of self-confidence.
The gathering was organized by the quick-witted Speer, creator of The Speer Method, who looks like a less fit version of Johnny Depp. He asked if the students were there to learn how to have a lot of sex, and four men raised their hands. Asked if they wanted to learn how to eventually meet that one special someone, about 25 hands shot in the air. If they have more sex in the meantime, all the better.
Sex is merely the carrot; the whole event is a self-help conference in disguise. The pickup community – they call themselves "the community" for short – has veered away from scripted ruses and “negging,” a concept that teaches men to build attraction by making negative comments about a woman. Now they teach men that they just need the confidence to approach women, coupled with the ability to present how great they already are. And they state over and over: Don’t lie to women. Have a plan, but be yourself.
“Things will happen as long as you have personality, as long as she likes who you are, and as long as you’re not fake,” Speer tells the group. “Most women can see through this bullshit that we try to feed them. So the more bullshit you try to feed, the less successful you are with women.”
Wednesday, March 2, 2011
The Tale of Miss M
When you work in retail, you make a lot of snap judgments about people, even if you don’t mean to. Everyday you’re faced with hundreds of customers in all shapes and sizes, customers who can either make or break your day. When they exit the doors of your store, they likely have very complex private lives that indicate their identities as multi-faceted human beings. But when all you know about them is the way they treat you in the span of a few minutes, it’s difficult not to make judgments about who they are. As an employee at a local gift store, I was certain I had a knack for understanding who my customers really were. I didn’t realize how wrong I was until the day I was faced with someone whose story disagreed with mine, despite the fact that we were making our judgments based on the very same information.
Our store played host to a handful of regulars, mostly older women who came in a few times a week while walking the mall. The most infamous of these regulars was Miss M, an 80-year-old woman who visited us once, sometimes twice a day EVERY SINGLE DAY of the week.
Miss M was a small woman with fragile, bone-sharp features. She had the heavy wrinkles of an elderly woman, but none of the customary fattening and softening that often comes with ages. She was thin and angular, and her dyed-brown hair was generally pulled into a tight bun and wrapped in an old-fashioned snood - a kind of fancy hairnet that held the bun in place. She wore expensive tailored blouses and pants, and several large diamonds on her fingers that she insisted on turning upside down so that they faced her palms because, as she put it, “You never know who might see it and decide to beat you up for it.” Her lips were thin and often pursed into a look of disapproval.
I was not a fan of Miss M, as you can probably tell from my description. To me, the expensive clothes and fancy rings were a means of showing off. “If she’s so afraid someone’s going to steal her ring, WHY does she WEAR IT??” I’d complain to my co-workers. “She WANTS someone to steal the damn thing, just so she can complain about it!”
But her upper-class presentation wasn’t the thing that really bothered me. I felt justified in hating Miss M because - in my eyes- she thought that she was better than us. She ordered us around and made absurd demands. On one particular occasion, she came into our store to purchase one of several glass oil lamps that we had on display in the window. She pulled me aside and told me that, while she liked the lamps we had on display, she really needed one to match her bathroom - one that came in a very specific shade of purplish-pink called “thistle.” When I explained that the lamps we had on display were the only ones available from the company, she told me that I needed to get on the phone right away and demand that they make her one in the specified color. “Miss M, I just can’t do that,” I said, trying to be polite but forceful. “They just don’t make them in any other color.”
“Just because they don’t RIGHT NOW doesn’t mean they CAN’T,” she said. “All of these lamps were clear at some point. I know how these things work. They just have to be told what to do; so call them and tell them.”
While I continued to insist that I couldn’t call the company for this special request, customers were piling up at the register and my coworker, Jenna, was motioning for me to come and help her. I tried to shoo Miss M away, but she insisted that I get her what she wanted. I told her that I would need to step into the back room and speak with the manager to see if calling the company would be possible. My plan was to gather my wits and find the best way to approach her before returning to the sales floor. But I had only been in back a few seconds when she marched through our Employees-Only door, told me she would be leaving, and that I was clearly “not in the shape to provide the best customer service” that day.
I was fuming. I ran to the front to help Jenna with customers, then reported to my manager about the situation with Miss M. “I just can’t stand her!” I whined. “She’s so demanding! She thinks she’s so much better than everyone, that we have to help her and ONLY her, not anyone else!”
Before I could finish my rant, my manager - a kindhearted woman I’d known for years - stopped me. “Sharon, she’s lonely. Haven’t you ever heard her talk about her children? She has five of them, and they’ve all moved away. Her husband died last year, and she’s clearly in the early stages of alzheimers. She just doesn’t know how to conduct herself. It isn’t badly intended. She just wants someone to pay attention to her, to talk to her for a while. And she wants to be helpful. She tells you all those things about calling the company because she really thinks she’s telling you something useful. She thinks the company SHOULD do what you’re asking. She thinks she’s helping you give better customer service.”
I was baffled. I’d spent weeks complaining to my coworkers and friends about the mean old wealthy woman who wanted nothing but to boss me around. And all that time, my manager had seen someone completely different - a helpless victim of loneliness and dementia, a fragile person who needed our help and our attention. We had been looking at the same person, had heard the same words, but had interpreted them completely differently. Through the story of Miss M, I realized how much our descriptions and stories are influenced by our opinions - and how easily those stories can be shaken by the presence of an opposing viewpoint.
Our store played host to a handful of regulars, mostly older women who came in a few times a week while walking the mall. The most infamous of these regulars was Miss M, an 80-year-old woman who visited us once, sometimes twice a day EVERY SINGLE DAY of the week.
Miss M was a small woman with fragile, bone-sharp features. She had the heavy wrinkles of an elderly woman, but none of the customary fattening and softening that often comes with ages. She was thin and angular, and her dyed-brown hair was generally pulled into a tight bun and wrapped in an old-fashioned snood - a kind of fancy hairnet that held the bun in place. She wore expensive tailored blouses and pants, and several large diamonds on her fingers that she insisted on turning upside down so that they faced her palms because, as she put it, “You never know who might see it and decide to beat you up for it.” Her lips were thin and often pursed into a look of disapproval.
I was not a fan of Miss M, as you can probably tell from my description. To me, the expensive clothes and fancy rings were a means of showing off. “If she’s so afraid someone’s going to steal her ring, WHY does she WEAR IT??” I’d complain to my co-workers. “She WANTS someone to steal the damn thing, just so she can complain about it!”
But her upper-class presentation wasn’t the thing that really bothered me. I felt justified in hating Miss M because - in my eyes- she thought that she was better than us. She ordered us around and made absurd demands. On one particular occasion, she came into our store to purchase one of several glass oil lamps that we had on display in the window. She pulled me aside and told me that, while she liked the lamps we had on display, she really needed one to match her bathroom - one that came in a very specific shade of purplish-pink called “thistle.” When I explained that the lamps we had on display were the only ones available from the company, she told me that I needed to get on the phone right away and demand that they make her one in the specified color. “Miss M, I just can’t do that,” I said, trying to be polite but forceful. “They just don’t make them in any other color.”
“Just because they don’t RIGHT NOW doesn’t mean they CAN’T,” she said. “All of these lamps were clear at some point. I know how these things work. They just have to be told what to do; so call them and tell them.”
While I continued to insist that I couldn’t call the company for this special request, customers were piling up at the register and my coworker, Jenna, was motioning for me to come and help her. I tried to shoo Miss M away, but she insisted that I get her what she wanted. I told her that I would need to step into the back room and speak with the manager to see if calling the company would be possible. My plan was to gather my wits and find the best way to approach her before returning to the sales floor. But I had only been in back a few seconds when she marched through our Employees-Only door, told me she would be leaving, and that I was clearly “not in the shape to provide the best customer service” that day.
I was fuming. I ran to the front to help Jenna with customers, then reported to my manager about the situation with Miss M. “I just can’t stand her!” I whined. “She’s so demanding! She thinks she’s so much better than everyone, that we have to help her and ONLY her, not anyone else!”
Before I could finish my rant, my manager - a kindhearted woman I’d known for years - stopped me. “Sharon, she’s lonely. Haven’t you ever heard her talk about her children? She has five of them, and they’ve all moved away. Her husband died last year, and she’s clearly in the early stages of alzheimers. She just doesn’t know how to conduct herself. It isn’t badly intended. She just wants someone to pay attention to her, to talk to her for a while. And she wants to be helpful. She tells you all those things about calling the company because she really thinks she’s telling you something useful. She thinks the company SHOULD do what you’re asking. She thinks she’s helping you give better customer service.”
I was baffled. I’d spent weeks complaining to my coworkers and friends about the mean old wealthy woman who wanted nothing but to boss me around. And all that time, my manager had seen someone completely different - a helpless victim of loneliness and dementia, a fragile person who needed our help and our attention. We had been looking at the same person, had heard the same words, but had interpreted them completely differently. Through the story of Miss M, I realized how much our descriptions and stories are influenced by our opinions - and how easily those stories can be shaken by the presence of an opposing viewpoint.
Jolie vs. Aniston
One of the primary narratives that the American media relies on to tell stories is the tale of good vs. evil. The notion that there are clear heroes and villains seeps into nearly every aspect of our lives - our wars, our elections, jobs. But there is perhaps no sector of public life more susceptible to the Good/Bad dichotomy than the world of celebrities. So in the early 2000’s, when the storybook relationship between media darling Jennifer Aniston and Hollywood Hunk Brad Pitt appeared to be in trouble, the tabloids were waiting in the wings to create a villain equal to Aniston’s victimized hero. In the ensuing months, Aniston was pitted against leading lady and newly-minted home-wrecker Angelina Jolie. The tabloid media used their powers of description to manufacture a war between two women, scripting Aniston as the hero and Jolie as the villain.
It was easy for journalists to frame Jolie as a monster. There is a fine line, in Hollywood, between “pretty,” “sexy,” and outwardly sexual. While starlets are expected to be beautiful, well-groomed, and to be attractive to the male gaze, they are NOT necessarily expected to act on their implied sexuality. Because Jolie had had relationships with Hollywood “bad boys” like Billy Bob Thornton, and because she had been very open about her sexual activity in the press in the past, the media quickly painted her as a slut and a harlot - a woman whose sexuality could not be contained. In addition, her roles in numerous action films - playing an aggressive and overtly sexual heroine - painted her as anything but innocent. It quickly became “obvious” that she had “stolen” Pitt from Aniston - that she had used her sexual prowess to charm the oblivious man. Tabloids also relied heavily on Jolie’s physical appearance to fit their narrative. In photos of the actress on InTouch and UsWeekly during the relevant time period, she is often seen wearing black or couched in leather and heavy eyeliner. Although black clothes and heavy makeup have always been part of Jolie’s trademark look, they were suddenly cited as proof of her villainy and overt sexuality.
Aniston was equally easy to frame as an innocent victim. While Jolie was known mostly for her roles as a badass action heroine, Aniston tended to play the part of the kind, innocent woman forever trapped in the romantic comedy universe, seeking a partner to fulfill her dreams. Even her most famous role - that of Rachel, on the series Friends - saw her seeking the long-term affections of a single man. She was seen as a woman seeking love and commitment, not a woman seeking mere sexual fulfillment. But in order to be the true jilted heroine, she needed to appear to be a “good girl” in real life as well as in films. The magazines quickly dug up photographs of Aniston looking sad and wistful - sometimes even tear-streaked. They printed shots in which she was bathed in halos of light that softened her skin and added glisten to her blonde locks. In contrast to Jolie, who wore the uniform of low-cut black dresses and tight leather, Aniston was usually pictured in conservative dresses with raised necklines. More often than not, she was seen sporting simple outfits in soft, light colors.
Even Pitt was painted into a very specific corner. In order for Jolie to be seen as the aggressive, scheming villain, Pitt had to appear relatively passive and easily manipulated. If he were given any agency or authority over his own decisions, then people might begin to question why he had left Anniston in the first place. Therefore, the tabloids began to seek photos of Pitt looking pretty but vapid, standing alongside a far more dominant-looking Jolie. Often in photos of the two together, Jolie can be seen facing the camera or looking up-and-out, while Pitt is often pictured looking down or away. The camera’s eye is generally focused on her rather than him, figuring her as the more dominant and important figure in the relationship.
It was easy for journalists to frame Jolie as a monster. There is a fine line, in Hollywood, between “pretty,” “sexy,” and outwardly sexual. While starlets are expected to be beautiful, well-groomed, and to be attractive to the male gaze, they are NOT necessarily expected to act on their implied sexuality. Because Jolie had had relationships with Hollywood “bad boys” like Billy Bob Thornton, and because she had been very open about her sexual activity in the press in the past, the media quickly painted her as a slut and a harlot - a woman whose sexuality could not be contained. In addition, her roles in numerous action films - playing an aggressive and overtly sexual heroine - painted her as anything but innocent. It quickly became “obvious” that she had “stolen” Pitt from Aniston - that she had used her sexual prowess to charm the oblivious man. Tabloids also relied heavily on Jolie’s physical appearance to fit their narrative. In photos of the actress on InTouch and UsWeekly during the relevant time period, she is often seen wearing black or couched in leather and heavy eyeliner. Although black clothes and heavy makeup have always been part of Jolie’s trademark look, they were suddenly cited as proof of her villainy and overt sexuality.
Aniston was equally easy to frame as an innocent victim. While Jolie was known mostly for her roles as a badass action heroine, Aniston tended to play the part of the kind, innocent woman forever trapped in the romantic comedy universe, seeking a partner to fulfill her dreams. Even her most famous role - that of Rachel, on the series Friends - saw her seeking the long-term affections of a single man. She was seen as a woman seeking love and commitment, not a woman seeking mere sexual fulfillment. But in order to be the true jilted heroine, she needed to appear to be a “good girl” in real life as well as in films. The magazines quickly dug up photographs of Aniston looking sad and wistful - sometimes even tear-streaked. They printed shots in which she was bathed in halos of light that softened her skin and added glisten to her blonde locks. In contrast to Jolie, who wore the uniform of low-cut black dresses and tight leather, Aniston was usually pictured in conservative dresses with raised necklines. More often than not, she was seen sporting simple outfits in soft, light colors.
Even Pitt was painted into a very specific corner. In order for Jolie to be seen as the aggressive, scheming villain, Pitt had to appear relatively passive and easily manipulated. If he were given any agency or authority over his own decisions, then people might begin to question why he had left Anniston in the first place. Therefore, the tabloids began to seek photos of Pitt looking pretty but vapid, standing alongside a far more dominant-looking Jolie. Often in photos of the two together, Jolie can be seen facing the camera or looking up-and-out, while Pitt is often pictured looking down or away. The camera’s eye is generally focused on her rather than him, figuring her as the more dominant and important figure in the relationship.
Monday, February 28, 2011
Prompts for Essay 2
For this assignment, you will be writing a paper that combines two elements: Description and Comparing/Contrasting.
The assignment can be done one of several ways. Choose one of the 3 prompts below, depending on how you want to write your essay:
Prompt One: Black and White, Good and Bad, Hero and Villain
The news media often uses description to create "good guys" and "bad guys" out of public figures. Choose two different public figures who are portrayed by the media in drastically different ways. (Example: Jennifer Aniston and Angelina Jolie) Compare and Contrast the ways that each figure is described, making an argument about what you think the comparison says about the media's attitude towards celebrities/public figures. How do the descriptions you encounter boil very complex humans down into simple notions of "good" and "bad"? How does the media use description to forward the idea that there are heroes, villains, and nothing in between?
Prompt Two: Damned if you do, Damned if you don't
Catch hypocrisy! Often, we are critical of public figures no matter HOW they appear. In this essay, you can choose 1 public figure who is portrayed in two conflicting ways (ex: George W. Bush) or two different figures who are portrayed the same way, despite being very different people (ex. Sarah Palin and Hillary Clinton). Compare and contrast their portrayals. Why do you think we are able to take the same material and interpret it in completely different ways? What underlying ideas cause these types of hypocrisy?
Prompt Three: People in Our Lives
The media is not the only place where people are described in conflicting ways. Choose a figure from your own life who is seen in 2 completely opposing ways. (ex. a teacher that some students love and some hate) How do the "pro" and "con" teams use description to forward their views on the person? What types of details do they choose to focus on to make their audience believe THEIR version of the story? How does each side spin the SAME details DIFFERENTLY to tell a different story?
The assignment can be done one of several ways. Choose one of the 3 prompts below, depending on how you want to write your essay:
Prompt One: Black and White, Good and Bad, Hero and Villain
The news media often uses description to create "good guys" and "bad guys" out of public figures. Choose two different public figures who are portrayed by the media in drastically different ways. (Example: Jennifer Aniston and Angelina Jolie) Compare and Contrast the ways that each figure is described, making an argument about what you think the comparison says about the media's attitude towards celebrities/public figures. How do the descriptions you encounter boil very complex humans down into simple notions of "good" and "bad"? How does the media use description to forward the idea that there are heroes, villains, and nothing in between?
Prompt Two: Damned if you do, Damned if you don't
Catch hypocrisy! Often, we are critical of public figures no matter HOW they appear. In this essay, you can choose 1 public figure who is portrayed in two conflicting ways (ex: George W. Bush) or two different figures who are portrayed the same way, despite being very different people (ex. Sarah Palin and Hillary Clinton). Compare and contrast their portrayals. Why do you think we are able to take the same material and interpret it in completely different ways? What underlying ideas cause these types of hypocrisy?
Prompt Three: People in Our Lives
The media is not the only place where people are described in conflicting ways. Choose a figure from your own life who is seen in 2 completely opposing ways. (ex. a teacher that some students love and some hate) How do the "pro" and "con" teams use description to forward their views on the person? What types of details do they choose to focus on to make their audience believe THEIR version of the story? How does each side spin the SAME details DIFFERENTLY to tell a different story?
Sample Essay Description/Compare Contrast
Description is a very telling act - an act that often conveys more about the writer or speaker than it does about the person being described. When we describe political figures we are also describing our own politics, whether we intend to or not. The adjectives we apply to his appearance speak volumes about how much of his narrative we believe. Bill Clinton, George Bush, and Ronald Reagan - all divisive political figures - were analyzed constantly in the press; the descriptions that surrounded them both in and out of office were excellent indicators of where they stood with the majority of the public. But never has this effect been more drastic than when Hillary Clinton and Sarah Palin both appeared on the political scene in 2008. While men are subject to some judgment based on appearance, a woman is often DEFINED by her physical attractiveness relative to media standards. During the 2008 campaign, Clinton’s and Palin’s appearances were used to (incorrectly) support claims about their politics.
Hillary Clinton’s critics have used her physical traits as cannon fodder ever since her first appearance on the political scene, when her husband ran for president. A quick glance at a photo of Clinton can give us the actual facts of her appearance: she generally wears her hair a dark shade of blonde, cut relatively short (whether in a bob or closer around her face). She is famous for her brightly colored pantsuits in shades of red, yellow, and occasionally blue. Beyond these few elements of her appearance, though, it is difficult to comment upon her physicality without invoking adjectives that are less-than-neutral.
In the photo of Clinton speaking before the UN, her lips are set tightly and wrinkles around her eyes and mouth are visible. A detractor might focus on these features by saying that she looks “stern” or “harsh.” She is rarely seen smiling in photos, something that might indicate to opponents that she is unhappy, angry, or even - as many have suggested before - bitchy Because women are generally expected to be the more submissive gender, Hillary’s unsmiling countenance is often cited as evidence that she is “castrating” or “emasculating” - a tough woman who seeks power and wishes to crush all the men in her path. On the other hand, in photos where she does smile, she might be accused of appearing fake. Or a detractor might suggest that the smile is one of secret contempt for her audience rather than genuine joy. Clinton has suffered the most, however, at the hands of those who critique her because her appearance is not one of traditionally-accepted feminine beauty. She is often called “masculine” and “mannish” in the press, suggesting that she is not a real woman and that her power and ambition make her less-than-feminine.
A woman who does conform to traditional standards of beauty suffers just as much, however. Sarah Palin has been critiqued just as harshly as Clinton, but for opposing reasons. While Clinton is viewed negatively for being too manly, Palin is lambasted for being too soft and too feminine. She wears her hair longer than Clinton and often lets it down to frame her face, or clips it up in a fairly soft, feminine style. She is frequently seen smiling and waving in the press - in contrast with Clinton’s firmly set countenance. But their opposing appearances do not mean that Palin is let off the hook. When she smiles at the camera or winks at her audience, critics label her vapid and dumb. When she highlights her hair or spends money on expensive brand-name suits, she is accused of being uncaring and out-of-touch, of spending money on frivolities - when, in reality, she would be equally criticized for going on the campaign trail wearing jeans and a polar fleece.
The media is also fond of making presumptions about the candidates’ personal lives based largely on their appearance. Because Clinton is seen as the more masculine figure, she is labeled “butch” and is portrayed as a dry, desexualized figure incapable of intimate human relationships. Palin, on the other hand, has been parodied in countless pornographic films. During her time on the campaign trail she was routinely sexualized by members of print and television media. Her history as a beauty queen didn’t help; media commentators called her a “bimbo.” Her overt sexualization was a result of the belief that her appearance is inherently “feminine” and the insistence that women who conform to traditional standards of beauty are automatically fodder for sexualization. Both women were critiqued for their appearances the way they might be critiqued for a sexual choice - Clinton was seen as frigid and uninviting, while Palin was accused of being slutty or oversexed.
The labels that critics applied to Hillary Clinton and Sarah Palin during their time in the political spotlight tell us a great deal about how the American media handles women in general. While Clinton was criticized for her refusal to conform to traditional standards of feminine beauty, Palin was equally lambasted for her tendency to adopt those same standards. While all political figures are judged based on their appearance from time to time, women in politics are trapped within a particularly harsh catch-22, a media world in which they will be negatively impacted by any choice they make.
Hillary Clinton’s critics have used her physical traits as cannon fodder ever since her first appearance on the political scene, when her husband ran for president. A quick glance at a photo of Clinton can give us the actual facts of her appearance: she generally wears her hair a dark shade of blonde, cut relatively short (whether in a bob or closer around her face). She is famous for her brightly colored pantsuits in shades of red, yellow, and occasionally blue. Beyond these few elements of her appearance, though, it is difficult to comment upon her physicality without invoking adjectives that are less-than-neutral.
In the photo of Clinton speaking before the UN, her lips are set tightly and wrinkles around her eyes and mouth are visible. A detractor might focus on these features by saying that she looks “stern” or “harsh.” She is rarely seen smiling in photos, something that might indicate to opponents that she is unhappy, angry, or even - as many have suggested before - bitchy Because women are generally expected to be the more submissive gender, Hillary’s unsmiling countenance is often cited as evidence that she is “castrating” or “emasculating” - a tough woman who seeks power and wishes to crush all the men in her path. On the other hand, in photos where she does smile, she might be accused of appearing fake. Or a detractor might suggest that the smile is one of secret contempt for her audience rather than genuine joy. Clinton has suffered the most, however, at the hands of those who critique her because her appearance is not one of traditionally-accepted feminine beauty. She is often called “masculine” and “mannish” in the press, suggesting that she is not a real woman and that her power and ambition make her less-than-feminine.
A woman who does conform to traditional standards of beauty suffers just as much, however. Sarah Palin has been critiqued just as harshly as Clinton, but for opposing reasons. While Clinton is viewed negatively for being too manly, Palin is lambasted for being too soft and too feminine. She wears her hair longer than Clinton and often lets it down to frame her face, or clips it up in a fairly soft, feminine style. She is frequently seen smiling and waving in the press - in contrast with Clinton’s firmly set countenance. But their opposing appearances do not mean that Palin is let off the hook. When she smiles at the camera or winks at her audience, critics label her vapid and dumb. When she highlights her hair or spends money on expensive brand-name suits, she is accused of being uncaring and out-of-touch, of spending money on frivolities - when, in reality, she would be equally criticized for going on the campaign trail wearing jeans and a polar fleece.
The media is also fond of making presumptions about the candidates’ personal lives based largely on their appearance. Because Clinton is seen as the more masculine figure, she is labeled “butch” and is portrayed as a dry, desexualized figure incapable of intimate human relationships. Palin, on the other hand, has been parodied in countless pornographic films. During her time on the campaign trail she was routinely sexualized by members of print and television media. Her history as a beauty queen didn’t help; media commentators called her a “bimbo.” Her overt sexualization was a result of the belief that her appearance is inherently “feminine” and the insistence that women who conform to traditional standards of beauty are automatically fodder for sexualization. Both women were critiqued for their appearances the way they might be critiqued for a sexual choice - Clinton was seen as frigid and uninviting, while Palin was accused of being slutty or oversexed.
The labels that critics applied to Hillary Clinton and Sarah Palin during their time in the political spotlight tell us a great deal about how the American media handles women in general. While Clinton was criticized for her refusal to conform to traditional standards of feminine beauty, Palin was equally lambasted for her tendency to adopt those same standards. While all political figures are judged based on their appearance from time to time, women in politics are trapped within a particularly harsh catch-22, a media world in which they will be negatively impacted by any choice they make.
Monday, February 7, 2011
Class Cancelled Today 2/7
Hi All,
I'm sorry about canceling today so suddenly; my car broke down out by the airport and I didn't manage to get a tow and make it to class in time. (That's why I always tell y'all to let me know if you have trouble or something keeps you from making it to class - because this stuff happens to me too!)
Here's the plan for Wednesday: I'd still like to try to get rough drafts done in class, so I'll plan to use the first 15-20 minutes for us to write an essay together as a class. That way you can get warmed up and see how the narrative structure works. That will give us 55 min to an hour to rough draft. Hopefully that will give you time to get through everything, but if you end up not making it all the way through your essay, it's okay. We'll work with whatever you complete. You aren't given a letter grade on roughs; the points for doing them are folded into the grade for the final essay. So having an unfinished rough won't make your score any lower.
To help you keep your thoughts together, I'd suggest making a brief outline of what you want to say sometime between now and Wednesday. It will allow you to utilize the whole hour for writing rather than having to spend part of it scrambling for ideas.
If you have any questions, I'll be at PJ's before class Wed from about 11:30-12:20. Or you can email me at my olol address or at sharon.tohline@gmail.com. Or just leave your question here as a comment on the post.
See you all Wednesday!
I'm sorry about canceling today so suddenly; my car broke down out by the airport and I didn't manage to get a tow and make it to class in time. (That's why I always tell y'all to let me know if you have trouble or something keeps you from making it to class - because this stuff happens to me too!)
Here's the plan for Wednesday: I'd still like to try to get rough drafts done in class, so I'll plan to use the first 15-20 minutes for us to write an essay together as a class. That way you can get warmed up and see how the narrative structure works. That will give us 55 min to an hour to rough draft. Hopefully that will give you time to get through everything, but if you end up not making it all the way through your essay, it's okay. We'll work with whatever you complete. You aren't given a letter grade on roughs; the points for doing them are folded into the grade for the final essay. So having an unfinished rough won't make your score any lower.
To help you keep your thoughts together, I'd suggest making a brief outline of what you want to say sometime between now and Wednesday. It will allow you to utilize the whole hour for writing rather than having to spend part of it scrambling for ideas.
If you have any questions, I'll be at PJ's before class Wed from about 11:30-12:20. Or you can email me at my olol address or at sharon.tohline@gmail.com. Or just leave your question here as a comment on the post.
See you all Wednesday!
Thursday, February 3, 2011
Welcome to the Course Blog
Hi all,
Welcome to our blog! I'll post announcements, upcoming assignments, etc. over the weekend each week so that you'll know what''s coming up. On Thursdays I'll post an overview of the week, so anyone who missed class will know what they need to do to catch up. If you have questions you can always ask them by simply replying in the comment thread.
By now you should have a copy of the syllabus in your OLOL email, but if not I've posted the major information below.
English 1310
MW 12:30-1:45
Instructor: S. Tohline
sharon.tohline@ololcollege.edu
Office Hours: by appointment preferred, but I am generally available from 2-4 MW at PJ’s across Essen from campus
Course Assignments and Grading:
Essay 1 - 10%
Essay 2 - 10%
Essay 3 - 15%
Essay 4 - 15%
Essay 5 - 20%
Reading Journals and in-class writing - 10%
Quizzes, group work - 10%
Final Exam - 10%
Class Policies:
Attendance: Attending class is part of your success on both daily assignments and essays. Your course grade will fall five points for every absence beyond three, no matter the circumstances. If you know you will be absent ahead of time, please contact me where possible and get in touch with another student, or see Blackboard, to find out what you may have missed. Quizzes cannot be made up.
Late papers: Any paper turned in after the due date suffers a one-letter-grade penalty.
Optional final revisions: Any out-of-class essay assignment may be revised again after it has been graded, but the final revision must be accompanied by a Revision Process Analysis. Revisions may be handed in at any time up to the date of the final exam (May 2).
Paper format: All out-of-class essays must be typed. See additional formatting requirements on individual essay prompts.
Rough Draft of Essay 1 in class 2/7
Editing and Revising Essay 1 in class 2/9
Final Draft Essay 1 due at the beginning of class 2/14
Essay 2 Rough/Outline due at the beginning of class 2/21
Final Draft In-class 2/23
Essay 3 Rough/Outline due at the beginning of class 3/7
Essay 3 Final in-class 3/9
Rough Draft Workshop Essay 4 in class 4/4
Final Draft Essay 4 due at the END of class 4/6
Rough Draft Essay 5 workshopped 4/27
May 2 - last date to hand in revisions of essays 1-4
Final Exam May 2
Essay 5 Final Draft due May 5
Welcome to our blog! I'll post announcements, upcoming assignments, etc. over the weekend each week so that you'll know what''s coming up. On Thursdays I'll post an overview of the week, so anyone who missed class will know what they need to do to catch up. If you have questions you can always ask them by simply replying in the comment thread.
By now you should have a copy of the syllabus in your OLOL email, but if not I've posted the major information below.
English 1310
MW 12:30-1:45
Instructor: S. Tohline
sharon.tohline@ololcollege.edu
Office Hours: by appointment preferred, but I am generally available from 2-4 MW at PJ’s across Essen from campus
Course Assignments and Grading:
Essay 1 - 10%
Essay 2 - 10%
Essay 3 - 15%
Essay 4 - 15%
Essay 5 - 20%
Reading Journals and in-class writing - 10%
Quizzes, group work - 10%
Final Exam - 10%
Class Policies:
Attendance: Attending class is part of your success on both daily assignments and essays. Your course grade will fall five points for every absence beyond three, no matter the circumstances. If you know you will be absent ahead of time, please contact me where possible and get in touch with another student, or see Blackboard, to find out what you may have missed. Quizzes cannot be made up.
Late papers: Any paper turned in after the due date suffers a one-letter-grade penalty.
Optional final revisions: Any out-of-class essay assignment may be revised again after it has been graded, but the final revision must be accompanied by a Revision Process Analysis. Revisions may be handed in at any time up to the date of the final exam (May 2).
Paper format: All out-of-class essays must be typed. See additional formatting requirements on individual essay prompts.
Rough Draft of Essay 1 in class 2/7
Editing and Revising Essay 1 in class 2/9
Final Draft Essay 1 due at the beginning of class 2/14
Essay 2 Rough/Outline due at the beginning of class 2/21
Final Draft In-class 2/23
Essay 3 Rough/Outline due at the beginning of class 3/7
Essay 3 Final in-class 3/9
Rough Draft Workshop Essay 4 in class 4/4
Final Draft Essay 4 due at the END of class 4/6
Rough Draft Essay 5 workshopped 4/27
May 2 - last date to hand in revisions of essays 1-4
Final Exam May 2
Essay 5 Final Draft due May 5
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